Fool wrote: ↑Wed Jan 01, 2025 10:45 pm
Refrigeration is a cycle. Not a single stroke. The refrigeration cycle requires work input.
Don't confuse adiabatic temperature drop with refrigeration. Adiabatic temperature drop applies to a contained gas and a single stroke.
Refrigeration is moving heat energy out of a cold place and injecting it into a hot place. It requires a full cycle, not just adiabatic bounce. The forward and return stroke won't be on the same adiabatic path. It requires heating the gas and cooling the gas by the process of heat transfer, not purely adiabatics.
Try reading the document.
https://www.grimsby.ac.uk/documents/frp ... search.pdf
How does air cycle work?
Air cycle refrigeration works on the reverse Brayton or Joule cycle. Air is compressed and
then heat removed,...
Ordinary air compressor do this as a matter of course:
- compressor-heat.jpg (110.64 KiB) Viewed 1381 times
this air is then expanded to a lower temperature than before it was
compressed. Work must be taken out of the air during the expansion, otherwise the entropy
would increase. Work is taken out of the air by an expansion turbine, which removes energy
as the blades are driven round by the expanding air. This work can be usefully employed to
run other devices, such as generators or fans.
The KPP or Air Lift Flooid devices, rather than using a small high speed low torque turbine to produce cold for refrigeration use a large low speed high torque "turbine" so the expansion is isothermal rather than adiabatic to maximize work output rather than cooling.
Often, though, it is used to power a directly
connected (bootstrap) compressor, which elevates the compressed (hot) side pressure
further without added external energy input, essentially recycling the energy removed from
the expanding air to compress the high pressure air further.
The heat from the compression process is completely recoverable returning back into the system for power production.
Reportedly both these very similar systems, though using somewhat different buoyancy turbines have been independently tested and the outputs verified.
Naturally, it is certainly possible for test reports to be in error or could potentially be forged or some such thing, but as disclosed earlier in the thread, there are brick and mortar facilities, installations viewable from Google Earth, building permits, involvement of inspectors, government agencies, etc. etc.
There is no reason to suspect any deception or fraud from these people other than the fact that conventional science or thermodynamics is at something of a loss to explain how it actually works.
There are two possibilities. Either the technology is not valid or conventional thermodynamics needs some revision or reinterpretation.
My own thermodynamic studies and experiments with Stirling engines and heat pumps has led me to the conclusion that the later is true regardless, or in any case.
Further, in all the time these energy firms have been active and quite transparent about the workings of their machines, no evidence of fraud or impropriety of any kind has been found and no charges have been brought and they are not running and hiding,
Infact, what brought my attention to this topic was that Flooid was recently featured in this video by Matt Ferrell whom I would judge to be a very well known and generally respected and trusted YouTube influencer whom I'm pretty sure would not be easily taken in by some "perpetual motion" scammers.
https://youtu.be/wSgv5NwtByk?si=OBI30sPePccRDqXz